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Obstacle Board



This is our Obstacle Board , It contains an IR sensor receiver and transmitter, the transmitter sends IR ray's and the receiver receives it.

Our robot detects obstacle's with its Sensor board but sometimes it think's its Rescue kit, so we designed this board so it doesn't think the obstacle is rescue kit.

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Main board

All of our electronic boards are connected to Main Board. This board includes: Atmega2560 Microcontroller LM2596 Regulator   USB to Serial converter LM2596 Regulator provides the input voltage of our Microcontroller , our battery is 12 Volts but our microcontroller needs 5 Volts. LM2596 is a switching regulator, you may ask yourself why did we used a switching regulator, because linear regulators heat up and for decreasing its temperature you should use a fan , cooling pad , etc. And because they occupy a lots of space we used a switching regulator , they don't heat up to much so it doesn't need a cooler. (regulator's have two types switching and linear)  If we use the switching regulator by it own our microcontroller will destroy so we use a electronic circuit to make it like a linear regulator.                       Switching Regulator                             Linear Regulator We used ATmega2560 microcontroller it has 256KB flash memory ,8KB ram , 4KB EEPROM memory , 1

Sensor Board

This board is located on the bottom of the robot and has the task of following the line. Sensor board includes: IR Sensor's Apds 9960's Multiplexer's Ams1117 We used 34 IR sensor's to follow the line, It has a receiver and transmitter , infrared waves are from 300GHZ to 430 GHZ and the length of these waves are from 1mm to 740nm. We could use a lots of things to detect red and green color but we choose APDS9960 Because it was more accurate and cheaper. We used two of them in the robot. Also we used multiplexer's because we didn't have enough pin's, 4051 and 4052 multiplexer's. We used Ams1117 because the input voltage of our color sensor (APDS9960) is 3.3Volts and our battery's are 12Volts so we need to reduce the voltage, you may ask yourself why didn't we use Resistor's to decrease the voltage , because it will be destroyed and we should use a lots of them and it will occupy a lots of space and the main reason is regulators make our voltage

LCD Board

We used this board to connect our LCD Display (TFT ST7735R) to our robot, Also this board has a gyroscope (GY-25) and a buzzer. The gyroscope is because we need to know if we are on a ramp Our gyroscope (GY-25) can communicate two different type of communication protocol's I2C and USART , we used USART communicating protocol, the accuracy of this module is up to  ± 180 degrees.